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91.
92.
利用声发射技术监测受载混凝土裂缝发展特征的首要任务是对声发射源的准确定位。为了解混凝土中声发射波速特性,提高声发射源定位精度,该文开展了一系列室内试验,构建了考虑衰减现象的声发射波速修正模型,优化建立了基于修正波速的区域穷举定位法。结果表明:水灰比越小,基准波速越大,波速随距离的衰减越大。骨料粒径越大,基准波速越大,波速随距离的衰减越大。直线距离小于500 mm时,可采用对数函数描述声发射波速与距离的定量关系,以此构建的波速修正模型满足工程精度要求。采用修正波速的区域穷举定位法对单轴压缩试验产生的裂缝进行定位时,定位点比时差定位法更接近裂缝实际位置,有效提高了定位精度。 相似文献
93.
为了提高声表面波传感器应变灵敏度,该文提出了一种桥型声表面波应变传感器。首先根据受压弯曲构件中应变分布特点设计了桥型声表面波应变传感器,并建立有限元模型,结合微扰法分析了桥型结构几何参数与声表面波应变传感器灵敏度的关系。根据分析结果确定桥型声表面波应变传感器几何结构参数,并与传统声表面波应变传感器的应变灵敏度进行了对比研究,在此基础上搭建受压弯曲微动平台开展实验研究,结果表明:在直梁构件受压弯曲应变测量时,Y34°切向的桥型声表面波应变传感器的应变灵敏度为1692 Hz/με,传统声表面波传感器应变灵敏度为1328 Hz/με,桥型声表面波应变传感器的应变灵敏度较传统声表面波应变传感器有明显提高。 相似文献
94.
Zhigang Suo 《Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica》2010,23(6):549-578
In response to a stimulus, a soft material deforms, and the deformation provides a function. We call such a material a soft active material (SAM). This review focuses on one class of soft active materials: dielectric elastomers. When a membrane of a dielectric elastomer is subject to a voltage through its thickness, the membrane reduces thickness and expands area, possibly straining over 100%. The dielectric elastomers are being developed as transducers for broad applications, including soft robots, adaptive optics, Braille displays, and electric generators. This paper reviews the theory of dielectric elastomers, developed within continuum mechanics and thermodynamics, and motivated by molecular pictures and empirical observations. The theory couples large deformation and electric potential, and describes nonlinear and nonequilibrium behavior, such as electromechanical instability and viscoelasticity. The theory enables the finite element method to simulate transducers of realistic configurations, predicts the efficiency of electromechanical energy conversion, and suggests alternative routes to achieve giant voltage-induced deformation. It is hoped that the theory will aid in the creation of materials and devices. 相似文献
95.
自然循环过冷沸腾流动不稳定性的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文以氟里昂作工质,对自然循环过冷沸腾流动不稳定性进行了实验研究.实验过程中发现自然循环系统内可能发生高频脉动和低频脉动二种类型的过冷沸腾流动不稳定性.通过实验研究揭示了这二种类型流动不稳定性的发生机理,证实高频脉动属于声波型脉动,低频脉动属于密度波型脉动.通过实验得出了判断系统稳定性的界限,并使用积分方程无因次分析方法得出了预测密度波型流动不稳定性的经验公式. 相似文献
96.
D.W. Wheeler 《哲学杂志》2013,93(3):285-310
This paper describes a study of the behaviour of diamond coatings when subjected to solid particle erosion from sand particles. The coatings were deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) onto tungsten substrates and tested using a high velocity air–sand erosion test facility. The erosion tests were conducted using particle impact velocities of between 33 and 268 m/s. Examination of the eroded test specimens showed that the principal damage features were circumferential cracks and pin-holes. Comparison with Hertz impact theory revealed that the measured circumferential crack diameters were more than double the predicted Hertzian contact diameter. Moreover, a trend of increasing circumferential crack diameter with coating thickness, which is not predicted by Hertz, was found. Instead, the crack diameters showed good agreement with those predicted by the theory of stress wave reinforcement, which is more commonly associated with liquid impact damage of brittle materials. During impact, the bulk compression and shear waves are reflected at the rear surface of debonded regions of the coating to return to the front surface and reinforce the Rayleigh surface wave, which generates a tensile stress. Where this stress exceeds the local tensile strength of the coating, a ring of cracks surrounding the area of impact is created. The results from the present study therefore suggest that stress wave reflection is responsible for the formation of the cracks at locally debonded regions of the coating. This hypothesis was supported by images acquired using scanning acoustic microscopy, which showed that circumferential cracks and pin-holes were only found on areas of the coating that had become delaminated by multiple particle impacts during the erosion tests. 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
由于良好的声束偏转与聚焦特性,超声相控阵已经广泛应用于多层固体介质的缺陷检测。当超声束经过多层介质时,由于反射、透射以及模式转换的存在,多种声束存在于这种结构中,使得声场分析变得复杂。为了提高多层介质检测的准确性,有必要对超声声场的分布规律进行深入地了解。该文结合高斯声束等效点源模型以及射线追踪法,给出了相控阵声源在多层固体介质中激发声场的仿真方法,并且模拟计算了一维线型相控阵在楔块-铝-黄铜-钢四层固体介质中的辐射声场。通过对不同延时法则的计算,实现了声波在这种复杂介质中的偏转与聚焦,进而研究了不同焦点处聚焦声场的分布。结果表明:相控阵方法能使聚焦点处的声场幅值增大,能量集中,提高了检测分辨率;不同聚焦点处声场聚焦效果不同,实际检测时应根据检测区域结构及位置特点,合理放置相控阵换能器。与瑞利积分法的比较表明,该文的仿真方法适用于多层介质相控阵声场的计算。 相似文献
100.
A new approach to the study on the transient properties of the levitated object in near-field acoustic levitation (NFAL) is presented. In this article, the transient response characteristics, including the levitated height of an object with radius of 24 mm and thickness of 5 mm, the radial velocity and pressure difference of gas at the boundary of clearance between the levitated object and radiating surface (squeeze film), is calculated according to several velocity amplitudes of radiating surface. First, the basic equations in fluid areas on Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) form are numerically solved by using streamline upwind
petrov galerkin (SUPG) finite elements method. Second, the formed algebraic equations and solid control equations are solved by using synchronous
alternating method to gain the transient messages of the levitated object and gas in the squeeze film. Through theoretical and numerical analyses, it
is found that there is a oscillation time in the transient process and that the response time does not simply increase with the increasing of velocity
amplitudes of radiating surface. More investigations in this paper are helpful for the understanding of the transient properties of levitated
object in NFAL, which are in favor of enhancing stabilities and responsiveness of levitated object. 相似文献